Univrsity Of Tehran Press Journal of Information Technology Management 2980-7972 14 Special Issue: The business value of Blockchain, challenges, and perspectives. 2022 06 01 Challenges of using blockchain technology in the international markets 171 191 87847 10.22059/jitm.2022.87847 EN Hamzeh Aghababayi PhD candidate of Production and Operations Management Industrial Management Department, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Mohsen Shafiei Nikabadi Associate Professor of Industrial Management Department Economics and Management Faculty Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Saman Babaie Kafaki Professor of Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. Mohammad Rahmanimanesh Assistant Professor of Department of Computer Software Engineering, Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. Journal Article 2022 06 26 Despite all blockchain's advantages, it has experienced some challenges and disadvantages. Identifying these challenges and minimizing them are important steps in advancing the goals of this technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the challenges of using blockchain technology in international markets with regard to the risks of such newfound technologies. This is an applied research in terms of purpose and a mixed research in terms of methodology. The effective factors in using blockchain technology have been discovered by the meta-synthesis method at first; then the ranking of these factors has been done by the fuzzy pairwise comparison. A systematic search was performed in the database of Science Direct, Emerald, and Google Scholar. Also, the seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007) was applied. All the related articles and the challenges of using blockchain in international markets were identified and coded. The comparison method between the two coders was used to adjust the reliability and the kappa coefficient was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between the two codes. The findings of the extracted sources were finally proposed and 41 challenges were classified into 6 categories of technical, educational, structural, market, infrastructure and legal which divided in both internal and external areas. https://jitm.ut.ac.ir/article_87847_bb503eeeb6efab9efff3084090579170.pdf