Univrsity Of Tehran Press Journal of Information Technology Management 2980-7972 17 Special Issue on SI: Intelligent Security and Management 2025 08 01 Enhancing Privacy and Efficiency Techniques in Federated Learning Systems: Applications in Healthcare, Finance, and Smart Devices 45 62 102921 10.22059/jitm.2025.102921 EN Ravi Shankar Shukla Department of Computer Science, College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Saudi Arabia. Journal Article 2025 07 28 Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a revolutionary technique for distributed machine learning for training a model on shared data without sharing the data itself. Nevertheless, privacy-related concerns and scalability difficulties remain a problem. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art works to improve the privacy and convergence at FL frameworks for targeted healthcare and financial applications, as well as smart devices. It focuses on methodologies that preserve user privacy, such as differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computation, and methods that enhance the model’s efficiency, including model compression, communication optimization, and adaptive optimization algorithms. To overcome these challenges, this study helps in the future design of FL systems for vital domains with high scalability. https://jitm.ut.ac.ir/article_102921_5ef298f914aa8c00f3f686c81bdf5ddb.pdf